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University Computing Services
An Introduction
to Garnet Use
Welcome to the Garnet System!
This information is intended
for new UCS account holders who will be using the Garnet system (garnet.acns.fsu.edu).
Much of the information also applies to Mailer (mailer.fsu.edu), although
the options on Mailer are more limited.
Garnet is a multi-user system.
Thousands of users have "accounts" on Garnet, and, typically, several
hundred are "logged in" and using it simultaneously at any given time.
The standard way to use Garnet is through an sFTP (secured file transfer)
software, or secured terminal emulation program such as Secure
Shell Software (SSH). The terminal interface is entirely text-based,
using a keyboard and monitor. There are no graphics and no mouse-based
interaction.
This Help facility is largely
intended for people who will be using Lynx,
the World Wide Web program available on Garnet. If you are currently
logged in to Garnet and viewing this information with Lynx, you can
use this facility as follows:
- Highlighted text represents
links to other information. You can move around the links by using
the Up and Down arrow keys. To follow a link, highlight it, then press
Return.
- The left arrow key will
take you back to your previous selection.
- Lynx help is available via
the `?' key.
- If you find a section you
really like, you can save a document into a file. Press `p' to bring
up the menu that includes saving, mailing, and other options.
- Typing `q' will exit Lynx.
Additional information about Lynx
is provided under the section about the "Services"
menu.
All UCS users are given PPP
accounts along with their Garnet accounts. You will find PPP very useful
if you live off campus and own a personal computer and modem. PPP enables
you to use a standard telephone connection as if it were a dedicated
"ethernet" connection to the FSU network. With PPP and TCP/IP networking
software, you can access network services such as the World Wide Web
using popular programs like Netscape Navigator. Your PPP password is
initially the same as your garnet password; you
can change it through the Computer
Accounts web page.
Logging In to
Garnet
This help facility implicitly assumes
that you have successfully logged in to Garnet. But if not,...
First, connect to Garnet (garnet.acns.fsu.edu)
via the campus network or by dialing in. When you first establish a
connection, Garnet will respond by prompting for your login name (user
name). Type your user name and press the Return key. Then it will ask
for your password. Type it and press the Return key.
Login names and passwords are
case sensitive, and login names must be entered in lower case. Passwords
may have both upper and lower case letters, as well as numbers and other
non-alphabetic characters. For example,
login: rth1916
Password: New+123
The login name is 'rth1916' and
the password is 'New+123'. The capital 'N' and the plus sign must be typed
exactly as shown. The password will not appear on your screen when
you type it.
A valid password on Garnet
must have at least eight characters. The password must contain at least
six alphabetic characters and at least two numeric or special characters.
If you change your password, the new password must differ from the old
one in at least four characters.
Garnet's services can be accessed
either through a menu system or by typing Unix commands at a command prompt.
Most of this help document is about the menu system.
Introductory documentation about Unix is also available from UCS.
The Main Menu looks like the
screen image below. Follow the highlighted links to learn more about
the programs. Note that the section below has the appearance of the
actual menu, but it connects you to information instead of starting
up the programs. Navigation of the real menu is also different in some
cases, so read the instructions.
rth1916 FSU MENU 07/13/96
Main Menu 12:57 pm
1. Services - Network and communication services.
2. Files - Manipulate your files.
3. Editors - Select an editor to edit a file.
4. Languages - Use a menu for program development.
5. Statistics - Use a menu for a statistical package.
6. Jobs - Manage your batch jobs.
7. Printer - Print a file or show print job status.
8. Help - Access on-line documentation.
9. Tapes - Read or Write a tape.
10. Transfer - Transfer files to/from another computer.
11. Settings - Check or change various environment settings.
12. UNIX prompt - Issue UNIX commands directly.
13. Exit Menu (Logout is automatic unless menu autostart is disabled).
Use TAB, j/k, or option number to make a selection, then press return.
"p" previous menu, "m" main menu, "q" quit, "?" for help. Option ==>
The header
of the menu displays the name of the menu, your login name, the date,
and the time. You can move around among the menu options by using the
Tab key or by typing the number of the option you want. Then press Return
to select the option.
Several commands can be issued
directly:
-
- c - Change directory.
- g - Go directly to a specific menu.
- l - List contents of current directory.
- m - Go directly to main menu.
- p - Return to previous menu.
- q - Exit Menu program.
- ? - This help screen.
- ^r (Control-R) - Redraw the screen.
- ! - Enter a unix command.
Press 'q' to quit. If the menu
is on by default when you log in, this will log you off the system completely.
Option 11 ("Settings") provides
a selection to enable/disable automatic startup of the menu. If the
menu is disabled, you will see only a Unix command prompt when you log
in. You can start up the menu from the prompt by typing "menu".
The "Services" menu provides access
to a number of Internet-based services. Of particular importance are Electronic
Mail and the World Wide Web. UCS recommends the "Elm" program for mail
and the "Lynx" program for the world wide web.
The options the Services menu
provides are the following:
- 1. elm - Electronic Mail using elm
- Elm is the standard electronic mail program on Garnet.
With Elm you can send messages to other people at FSU and to millions
of Internet users all over the world. Email messages usually arrive
at the recipient's computer within seconds.
- 2. pine - Electronic Mail using pine
- Pine is an alternate electronic mail program and
is provided for people who have used it on other computers.
- 3. finger - Display information about users
- The 'finger' command tells you information about
the users you specify.
- 4. ftp - Transfer files
via the ftp command
- The FTP program allows you to copy files between
Garnet and other computers on the Internet. Many computers store archives
of scholarly papers, bibliographies, computer software, and many other
types of files. With FTP you can download such files to your home
computer. You can also copy files between multiple computers that
you use.
- 5. lynx - World Wide Web
- Garnet and other UCS systems provide the Lynx program
for browsing information on the World-Wide Web. Lynx can also connect
to Gopher and FTP servers, and can automatically start up Telnet so
that you can log in to another computer. It makes little sense for
you to be reading the current file unless you are reading it via Lynx
right now. For Lynx help, press the '?' key.
- 6. ph - Query the on-line phone book
- Ph is a database of phone and email addresses. You
can query it via by typing "ph name", where 'name' is the person you
are looking up. This database does not include student email addresses.
A much better directory service
at http://www.fsu.edu/Phones/ is available through the FSU WWW
Home Page via Lynx.
- 7. ytalk - 'Talk' interactively to multiple users
8. talk - 'Talk' to another user - These programs provide a really obnoxious way to
communicate interactively with one or more other users. They are ugly
to use, and the online help (via the '?' key) is extremely obscure.
You can end a talk session by pressing ^C (Control-C). Wouldn't you
rather use email?
- 9. tin - Read USENET using tin
10. tass - Read USENET using tass - Usenet is the biggest bulletin
board system in the world. Its "newsgroups" include discussion groups
for many academic areas, recreational interests, social issues, and
so forth. The preferred News reader on Garnet is Tin, but no information
other than "man pages" is available about any of them.
- 11. telnet - Connect to a remote host via telnet
- The Telnet program allows you to connect as a terminal
to another Internet computer, located anyplace in the world. It allows
you to connect to electronic library catalogs, government information
services, and remote supercomputers (as well as other systems at FSU).
For example, you can connect to LUIS, which provides on-line library
catalogs for the State University System, using a specialized version
of Telnet called TN3270. To kill a hung Telnet session, press ^] (Control-right_bracket).
- 12. viewnews - View local news items
- This option will display unread local news items
from the system administrators. Most of the messages will be incomprehensible
to the average user.
- 13. who - See who is logged on the system
- The Unix "Who" command provides a list of users
currently logged in to Garnet.
The "Files" menu allows you to execute
various Unix commands that manipulate files and directories. It has these
options.
- 1. cp - Copy a file with the cp command
- 2. du - Disk usage of current directory tree
- 3. ftp - Transfer files via the ftp command
- 4. ls -l - Long listing of current directory
- 5. mkdir - Make a directory
- 6. more - View a file with the more command
- 7. mv - Rename a file with the mv command
- 8. pwd - Print current working directory
- 9. quota - Display user disk quota
- 10. rm - Remove/delete a file with the rm command
- 11. rmdir - Remove a directory
- 12. utree - Multi-purpose filesystem browser and utility
This menu allows you to select from a number
of available text editors on Garnet.
The "Languages", "Statistics", "Jobs"
and "Tapes" Menus
The "Languages", "Statistics", and "Jobs"
menus provide access to programming language compilers (e.g., Fortran,
C, Cobol), statistical packages (e.g. SPSS and SAS), and the batch queueing
system (NQS). "Tapes" allows you to use 9-track, 3480 cartridge, and 8mm
tape drives connected to Garnet. If you need more information on how to
use any of these services, contact the HelpDesk at 644-HELP (644-4357).
The "Printer" menu allows you to print
files to various printers around campus. It will not allow you to print
to a printer connected to your own personal computer!!! Available
printers are the following: *
campus - Print at Sliger with delivery to 314 Carothers Hall
sliger - Print and hold at Sliger building for pick-up
litlab - Computer literacy lab, room 128 Carothers Hall
mch314 - Output pickup area, room 314 Carothers Hall
coblab1 - College of Business PC lab, room 124 Rovetta building
coblab2 - College of Business PC lab, room 225 Rovetta building
coblabf - College of Business Faculty lab, room 221 Rovetta
socsci - College of Social Sciences, room 66 Bellamy building
This option provides access to other on
line help systems on Garnet.
- 1. Info - Go to InfoExplorer on-line documentation.
- The IBM InfoExplorer runs in two modes: a really
slick X Window based system and a text-only terminal version. If you
are on a system that can use X Windows, you don't need to be reading
this file; hence, you will presumably be able to use only the clunky
text version. It is not known if any users have ever successfully
used the text based system. If you accidently fall into it, use ^C
(Control-C) to exit.
- 2. Manuals - View an on-line manual page via the man command.
- Unix systems always provide on line manual (or "man")
pages for every command. Man pages are written in a manner that has
helped give computer manuals their bad reputation.
- 3. Tips - View the 'tip sheet' via the tip command.
- This option scrolls an extended banner message that
contains what amounts to all of the available local documentation
about the system.
- 4. viewdoc - Use the viewdoc command to view local documents.
- This facility is pointless. You can't actually view
a document with it, since the interface does not allow you to specify
a file to view. But that doesn't matter much, since none of the available
files are of any value anyway.
You can use the options under "Transfer"
to move copy files between Garnet and a personal computer at home. Access
to FTP is also provided.
The "Settings" menu provides several options
for changing the default environment you see when you log in to Garnet.
(You can't make Garnet look like either a PC or a Mac, though.)
- 1. chfn - Change 'real life' name on garnet (gecos info).
- You can change the "finger" information about who
you are. This can be used to insert a silly name, which will then
appear in the "From:" line in email you send and let everybody know
how cool you are. This option is mostly for geek-oes.
- 2. Editor - Change default editor setting.
- Change your default editor to Pico, if it isn't
already Pico.
- 3. Menu - Enable/Disable autostart of menu at login.
- Nobody will think ill of you if you disable the
menu. You will then see only a command line when you log in. You can
always bring up the menu by typing "menu" at the command prompt.
- 4. mesg - Enable/disable talk or write from other users.
- Nobody will think ill of you if you disable talk.
If you don't do it immediately, you probably will after some other
user "talks" to you.
- 5. passwd - Change your password.
- Select your password very carefully. Garnet is very
fussy about passwords, so read the rules and decide in advance what
you want your password should be.
- 6. Forward - Inspect, Set, Change, or Add to your mail forwarding.
- This allows you to set a different email address
to which all of your incoming Garnet mail will be forwarded.
Garnet is an IBM RS/6000 computer, and
runs IBM's version of Unix System V (called AIX). The standard programmer
environment is the Korn shell, but the C shell is also available. Selecting
the "Unix Prompt" option exits the menu and provides a command line interface,
so that you can issue Unix commands directly.
The menu system will only get in your
way if you try to do anything significant on Garnet. You can disable automatic
startup of the menu by selecting the "Menu" option under the "Settings"
selection on the main menu. If you ever want to see the menu again, just
type "menu" at the Unix prompt.
- Start up Elm Mail Program
- elm
- Change Directories
- cd directory
- Create a Directory
- mkdir directory
- List Files in a Directory
- ls directory
- ls (for the current directory)
- Edit a File using Pico
- pico filename
See how easy Unix is? Keep in mind that
filenames and commands are case-sensitive under Unix.
If the menu was started automatically when
you logged in, this will automatically log you off Garnet. If you started
the menu yourself, you will exit to the Unix prompt. Note that you can
just type 'q' under any of the menus to accomplish the same thing.
-
talk username@garnet1.UCS.fsu.edu
or
talk username@garnet2.UCS.fsu.edu
- A new local command called
'clou' (cluster logged on users) is available that shows who is logged
on to each node in the cluster.
- Differences in the NQS (Network Queueing System
- the batch job subsystem): First off, we are now truly using NQS
as a "network" queueing system. When you submit batch jobs via the
'qsub' command, the jobs will be routed through a central pipe queue
on Garnet1 where they will then be submitted to an execution queue
with an available (open) slot on Garnet1 OR Garnet2.
This means that it will be possible for you to
have MORE THAN ONE job executing at once. We currently allow only
one executing job per user in the "default" queue, but since there
are now two computers each with their own "default" queue, it will
be possible for two of your jobs to execute concurrently.
If you have gotten used to submitting several jobs
at once and relied on the fact that they would only run one-at-a-time
and would therefore not "step" on each other (e.g. the 2nd job needs
a file created in the 1st), then you will need to take the possibility
of concurrent execution into account. You may need to modify your
batch scripts so that, if subsequent jobs require the results from
a prior job or jobs, they are "chained" together: i.e. submit the
next job at the end of the prior job. You may also need to modify
your batch scripts to avoid the use of common names for temporary
"work" files that are created in the job.
Other NQS differences to take note of:
- The local utility 'qs' will now show job information
for both nodes in the cluster.
- The NQS 'qstat' command, however, will by default
only show you information about jobs on the system where you are
logged in. You can tell qstat to show you info from the other
system by adding the "-h nodename" parameter. For example: "qstat
-h garnet2". Or, you can use the NQS "qjob" command to list jobs
on both nodes.
- When deleting batch jobs via the 'qdel' command,
it will now be necessary to specify the NQS request id completely,
i.e. it will no longer be sufficient to specify only the sequence
number. You will need to pay particular attention to the output
from the 'qs', 'qstat', or 'qjob' command and take note of the
complete request id of a job that you wish to delete. NQS request
ids will now take the form of "#.nodename", e.g. "40.garnet2",
"200.garnet1". So, the proper syntax for the 'qdel' command will
be 'qdel #.nodename'.
This document was written 7/96, updated 1/97 and is due to be updated
again Real Soon Now.
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